Inside our eyes are three different kinds of light-sensitive cells called cones, which are each tuned to a different range of frequencies. We call them S, M, and L for short, medium, and long wavelength cones, though they are sometimes also called blue, green, and red cones.
Above, you are looking at the normalized cone response diagram from Stockman & Sharpe (2000), which shows how sensitive each cone is to different frequencies of light.
What you know as “colour” is the brain’s interpretation of the three signals it receives from the three cone types.
Basically, when your eyes receive, say, a 580nm photon, your brain will get a strong L signal, a medium M signal and no S signal. The brain then goes, hey I know this, this is orange!
The retina has 60% L, 30% M, and 10% S cones on average, though the L to M ratio can vary wildly from person to person, from 1:1 up to 16:1.
Interestingly, the central 100µm of retina, part of our sharpest vision, has no S cones at all, leading to a blind spot for blue there.
The relative lack of S cones makes for less “resolution” in perceiving blue light.
The lossy image format JPEG takes advantage of this fact by compressing the blue channel harder than others, as it makes no difference to our perception of the final image. In the extremely compressed image above, the blue channel is 1.6x more damaged than the green.
Similarly, cameras often have a lower resolution sensor for blue than for red or green.